凝汽器-换铜管的相关概述：

凝汽器长年连续运行，铜管将受到腐蚀，表面结垢，降低传热-果，导致端差增大、真空降低，严-影响机组的经济-。频繁的酸洗或高压水清洗，会使铜管壁因腐蚀或冲刷而减薄。铜管泄-会破坏凝汽器水侧-封-，循环水的-入使得凝结水质变坏，随着泄-加剧，致使给水、炉水及蒸汽的水汽--化，当采取措施后，水质仍不能恢复正-而被迫停机。凝汽器铜管经-发生泄-，会加速锅炉管道腐蚀、结垢，甚至发生-管事故。所以铜管泄-严-时，除堵-处理外，还应有计划地-换。 　　华北电网近两年对有关电厂泄-较为严-或失-的凝汽器铜管进行了-换，我厂1号机凝汽器铜管也进行了-换。1号机是北京-型电机厂生产的单缸100 MW机组，凝汽器-换HSn70-1B铜管后运行-年-，情况较-。安装后灌水试验时-验出4根铜管泄-，都属于穿透-砂眼缺陷。该4根铜管-换后，消除了泄-。凝汽器端差由8℃降低到2.5℃，-果--。投入胶球清洗及二次滤网系-装置后，-果(guo)得到了保(bao)持。针对我(wo)厂(chang)(chang)-换铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)经验和教训，作者认(ren)为凝(ning)汽器(qi)-换铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)应注意以(yi)下(xia)几个问题。 　　铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)选材是(shi)基础 　　凝(ning)汽器(qi)的(de)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)要(yao)(yao)求较(jiao)高(gao)的(de)平(ping)均(jun)传热系数(shu)，较(jiao)强(qiang)的(de)抗(kang)腐蚀(shi)和抗(kang)冲(chong)(chong)刷(shua)能(neng)力。现各电厂(chang)(chang)普遍采用(yong)(yong)HSn70-1B黄铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和B30白铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(其-B30白铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)安装在空气收缩区，数(shu)量较(jiao)少)。HSn70-1B黄铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)在原HSn70-1A黄铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)基础上添加(jia)硼元(yuan)素(su)(su)，以(yi)细化晶(jing)粒，提高(gao)抗(kang)腐蚀(shi)-及抗(kang)冲(chong)(chong)刷(shua)-。HSn70-1B黄铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)冶金时加(jia)入(ru)硼元(yuan)素(su)(su)，工(gong)艺要(yao)(yao)求复杂，工(gong)艺不(bu)(bu)当，加(jia)入(ru)的(de)硼元(yuan)素(su)(su)会(hui)分布不(bu)(bu)均(jun)匀，造成铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内部局部晶(jing)粒过于(yu)细化，脆-增加(jia)，残余应力加(jia)大(da)(da)，易使铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)产生(sheng)裂(lie)纹(wen)。由(you)于(yu)这(zhei)种(zhong)缺陷很(hen)难-出，而成为铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)泄(xie)(xie)-的(de)隐患。作者认(ren)为，只有提高(gao)产-的(de)-，才能(neng)保(bao)-铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)涡(wo)流探伤、机械-能(neng)试(shi)验、氨熏试(shi)验、外形尺寸公差的(de)合格率。 　　目-，发电厂(chang)(chang)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)凝(ning)汽器(qi)HSn70-1B铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)主要(yao)(yao)由(you)沈阳、洛(luo)阳、上海、西北(甘肃省白银市)、长(zhang)沙等几个厂(chang)(chang)家生(sheng)产。下(xia)花园(yuan)发电厂(chang)(chang)全(quan)部选用(yong)(yong)甘肃铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)厂(chang)(chang)生(sheng)产的(de)西北铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。各厂(chang)(chang)家生(sheng)产-、-验手-差别(bie)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)，但泄(xie)(xie)-程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)(bu)-样，关(guan)键在于(yu)--验管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。为方便管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，建议同-机组铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)-种(zhong)不(bu)(bu)-过-、材质不(bu)(bu)-过杂.

凝汽器-换不锈钢管的相关概述：

凝汽器是汽轮发电机组-要的冷-设备，由于江河湖海水系的污染，使凝汽器冷却管腐蚀速度加剧，造成凝汽器频繁发生泄-，严-影响正-生产。-别是铜管易受氨离子、硫化物等腐蚀而造成泄-，同时由于铜管内壁不光滑易附着微生物及各种污垢，使铜管的使用-大大降低。 
凝汽器(汽轮机凝汽器)304/316l不锈钢管换热管焊接钢管主要用于火力发电、化工、钢铁等行业的加热器-换304/316l不锈钢管，冷油器-换304/316l不锈钢管，冷水器-换304/316l不锈钢管，取样冷却器-换304/316l不锈钢管，抽气冷却器-换304/316l不锈钢管，换热器-换304/316l不锈钢管，轴封加热器-换304/316l不锈钢管，高压加热器-换304/316l不锈钢管，低压加热器-换304/316l不锈钢管，压力容器，空气冷却器等等。凝汽器(汽轮机凝汽器)304/316l不锈钢管换热管规格：直径Ф12～Ф76mm，壁厚0.2～3.0mm，长度分定尺和不定尺两种。-用的材质不锈钢管型号有：304、304L、316、316L、317、317L。 
凝(ning)汽(qi)器(qi)(汽(qi)轮机凝(ning)汽(qi)器(qi))304/316l不锈(xiu)钢(gang)管(guan)换热管(guan)焊接(jie)钢(gang)管(guan)是引进(jin)-制管(guan)设(she)备制造(zao)而成，-与-不锈(xiu)钢(gang)管(guan)材(cai)相当或略强，焊缝金相组织(zhi)与母(mu)材(cai)-样(yang)，强度等机械-能略-。由于不锈(xiu)钢(gang)管(guan)带材(cai)厚薄均匀(yun)，表面(mian)光滑平整，其-确比(bi)同种材(cai)质的冷拨、热轧-缝不锈(xiu)钢(gang)管(guan)-。延伸率大于35%，并且硬度小(xiao)，易于胀接(jie)。

凝(ning)汽器(qi)(汽轮机凝(ning)汽器(qi))304/316l不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)换热管(guan)(guan)分类规(gui)格：不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)光(guang)管(guan)(guan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)螺(luo)纹管(guan)(guan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)波纹管(guan)(guan),201不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)螺(luo)纹管(guan)(guan),304不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)螺(luo)纹管(guan)(guan),316L不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)螺(luo)纹管(guan)(guan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)U形(xing)管(guan)(guan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)翅片(pian)管(guan)(guan)等(deng), 我公(gong)司自(zi)行开(kai)发研制的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)换热管(guan)(guan)是选用--质(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)钢(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)带(dai)材，冷拉、热拉成形(xing)及带(dai)钢(gang)(gang)，经过卷(juan)制、焊接、探伤(shang)、滚压、打(da)磨、固熔、抛光(guang)等(deng)-条龙304不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)、316L不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)产-加工而成；可根据用户的(de)-际(ji)需要，生(sheng)产不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)管(guan)(guan)径、壁厚(hou)、长度(du)形(xing)式(shi)等(deng)各(ge)种不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)锈(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)钢(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)规(gui)格的(de)管(guan)(guan)材。

我(wo)公司生产的簿(bu)壁304/316l不锈(xiu)钢光管具有(you)以下(xia)--：

1.凝汽器(汽轮机(ji)凝汽器)304/316l不锈钢(gang)管换热(re)(re)管传热(re)(re)-能-，由于不锈钢(gang)管壁(bi)可采(cai)用0.5-0.7mm的(de)薄壁(bi)不锈钢(gang)管材(cai)，提高了整体换热(re)(re)-能，在(zai)相同的(de)换热(re)(re)面积下，总(zong)体的(de)304/316l不锈钢(gang)管换热(re)(re)管传热(re)(re)系数比铜管提高2.124-8.408％。

2.由于304/316l不锈(xiu)钢(gang)管(guan)换(huan)热管(guan)材质(zhi)采(cai)用美-标准(zhun)AISl304、316l等-质(zhi)不锈(xiu)合(he)金钢(gang)，使(shi)其具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)较高(gao)的(de)硬(ying)度，不锈(xiu)钢(gang)管(guan)子的(de)钢(gang)度也明-提高(gao)。因此，具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)很(hen)强的(de)-高(gao)温蒸汽的(de)冲击-能及(ji)抗(kang)振(zhen)-能。

3.由于(yu)304/316不(bu)锈钢管子(zi)内壁光滑，使得其边界层(ceng)流底层(ceng)厚度减薄(bo)，既(ji)强化换热，又(you)提高了(le)抗(kang)结垢-能(neng)。

4.装凝汽器(汽轮机凝汽器)304/316l不锈钢管换热管工艺-能-，采用传-的胀管工艺，304/316l不锈钢管换热管外径公差与铜管-致，不需改变管板孔的加工公差，利于现场直接选用，-别方便-机组的304/316l不锈钢管换热管-换管束改造。

5.304/316l不(bu)锈(xiu)钢管换热(re)管经济(ji)--，在同等换热(re)面积下，不(bu)锈(xiu)钢管的(de)成本约(yue)为铜管成本的(de)80％左右，并可直(zhi)接进行-换管束改造。

6.为了消除304/316l不(bu)锈钢管换(huan)热管焊接应力，在保护气体-以1050℃高温进行(xing)热处理。

7.所有(you)304/316l不锈钢管换热管钢管均采用压差(cha)法进行泄--查，气压试验至1.0Mpa，5分钟(zhong)-压降。